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Violence against women in New Zealand
Violence against women in New Zealand is described as the kinds of violence faced by women disproportionately to men due to factors of ongoing gender inequality in society.〔(CEDAW General Recommendation 19 ) General Recommendation No. 19 (llth session, 1992), Paragraph 6.〕 The New Zealand government and the New Zealand justice system view efforts to prevent and deal with violence against women as a priority of New Zealand legislation and the criminal justice system.〔Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, ''Seventh Periodic Report of State Parties: New Zealand'', 7 January 2011, CEDAW/C/NZL/7, p.7.〕 Current laws relating to the prevention and punishment of violence against women are both international and domestic. Despite efforts to decrease the level of violence against women in New Zealand, women still face high levels of violence.
==Incidence of violence against women==
Despite the existence of legislation and social campaigns targeting the reduction of various forms of violence against women, women in New Zealand face high levels of domestic and sexual violence.
Data on domestic violence against women in New Zealand is scarce. Data is largely dependent upon reporting and recording practices, and is unlikely to accurately represent the incidence of domestic violence against women in New Zealand.〔(Data Summary 2: Violence Against Women ) New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse "Data Summary: Violence Against Women", June 2014, p. 2.〕 In 2013, there were 6749 incidents of ‘male assaults female’ recorded by the New Zealand Police.〔(Data Summary 2: Violence Against Women ) New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse "Data Summary: Violence Against Women", June 2014, p. 4.〕 In 2013, 2013 Protection Orders were granted by Family Court in accordance with the provisions of the Domestic Violence Act 1995.〔(Data Summary 2: Violence Against Women ) New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse "Data Summary: Violence Against Women", June 2014, p. 7.〕 Ninety percent of respondents named in Protection Order applications were male.〔(Data Summary 2: Violence Against Women ) New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse "Data Summary: Violence Against Women", June 2014, p. 8.〕 In 2013, the National Collective of Independent Women’s Refuges received 81,720 crisis calls and 2940 women (and children) accessed safe house services.〔(Data Summary 2: Violence Against Women ) New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse "Data Summary: Violence Against Women", June 2014, p. 11.〕
In the most recent New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey (NZCASS), publishing survey data on crime that took place in 2008, sexual offences accounted for 5% of all offences reported in the survey.〔(NZCASS 2009 ) New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey 2009, Ministry of Justice, 2010, p. 32.〕 The New Zealand Police recorded crime for reported sexual offences in 2008 accounted for 1% of all offences.〔(NZCASS 2009 ) New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey 2009, Ministry of Justice, 2010, p. 33〕 In the NZCASS, 45% of people who had experienced sexual offences considered the incident a crime, 31% considered the incident ‘wrong, but not a crime’, and 23% considered the incident as ‘just something that happens’.〔(NZCASS 2009 ) New Zealand Crime and Safety Survey 2009, Ministry of Justice, 2010, p. 39.〕 Approximately one in four New Zealand women experience unwanted sexual contact in their lifetime, most often by someone known to them.〔(TASV Summary Report ) ''Te Toiora Mata Tauherenga: Report of the Taskforce for Action on Sexual Violence - Summary'', Ministry of Justice, 2009, p.2〕 Sexual offending costs the New Zealand economy approximately $1.2 billion NZD each year.〔(TASV Summary Report )''Te Toiora Mata Tauherenga: Report of the Taskforce for Action on Sexual Violence - Summary'', Ministry of Justice, 2009, p.2〕 In New Zealand in 2008 there were 607 prosecuted cases for rape, of which just 29% resulted in convictions, compared with the 68% conviction rate for all offences.〔WSANZ Conference 2010 "Connecting Women, Respecting Differences" Maxine Campbell, Carolyn Michelle and Rachel Simon-Kumar (eds), Women's Studies Association 3/2011, Wellington, p. 103.〕 A Ministry of Justice discussion paper exploring improvements to sexual violence legislation reported that around 90 percent of rapes go unreported.〔 This makes it the least likely crime to be reported.〔Elisabeth McDonald and Yvette Tinsley (eds) "From "Real Rape" to Real Justice: Prosecuting Rape in New Zealand" Victoria University Press, Wellington, 2011, p. 37.〕 Of Police files coded as sexual violation of an adult between 1 July 2005 and 31 December 2007, 95% of violations were of females. Of the perpetrators identified, 99% were male.〔(Data Summary 5: Adult Sexual Violence ) New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, June 2014, p. 8.〕
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